Matrix metalloproteinase
ProteinMatrix metalloproteinases are zinc‑dependent enzymes that break down extracellular matrix; when chronically upregulated they drive dermal collagen, elastin, and basement‑membrane loss.
Protein
44 entities in this category
Explore the Science of Proteins
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Neuropeptide Y
ProteinA 36-amino acid neuropeptide functioning as the brain's fastest and most potent orexigenic signal, a sympathetic co-transmitter in the periphery, and a pro-regenerative modulator in skin.
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NF-kappa B
ProteinThe master transcription factor coordinating skin inflammation. NF-κB activation simultaneously suppresses barrier proteins and upregulates collagen-degrading MMPs.
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NHE1
ProteinThe energy-dependent transmembrane transporter that actively pumps protons (H⁺) out of keratinocytes into the stratum corneum extracellular space.
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Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha
ProteinNuclear receptor and lipid sensor coordinating ceramide, free fatty acid, and cholesterol synthesis simultaneously in keratinocytes.
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Pro‑opiomelanocortin
ProteinA single polypeptide precursor that, depending on which tissue processes it, yields entirely different biological outcomes: appetite suppression, cortisol production, photoprotective pigmentation.
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Protease-activated receptor 2
ProteinA protease‑activated GPCR that guides normal barrier repair under controlled activation but amplifies inflammation, itch, and Th2 signalling when protease activity is dysregulated.
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
ProteinThe mitochondrial enzyme that converts pyruvate to acetyl‑CoA and is inhibited by PDK‑mediated phosphorylation, gating glucose entry into oxidative metabolism.
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Serine palmitoyltransferase
ProteinThe rate-limiting enzyme initiating de novo ceramide synthesis from serine and palmitoyl-CoA. SPT activity is directly suppressed by declining oestrogen and cortisol elevation.
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Sex hormone binding globulin
ProteinLiver-produced glycoprotein that binds testosterone, DHT, and oestradiol with high affinity, functioning as the primary gatekeeper of sex hormone bioavailability.
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Sirtuin
ProteinNAD⁺-dependent deacetylase enzymes found in every skin cell. SIRT1 is the most skin-relevant family member, regulating circadian clock amplitude, suppressing NF-κB-driven inflammation.
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Thymic stromal lymphopoietin
ProteinA keratinocyte‑derived alarmin that translates barrier disruption into Th2 immune activation, driving itch, mast‑cell priming, and the atopic inflammatory cascade.
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Transforming growth factor beta
ProteinTGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine and the master regulator of wound healing, fibrosis, and extracellular matrix remodelling in skin.
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Tumour necrosis factor
ProteinTNF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages, adipocytes, and T-cells that acts through NF-κB to amplify and sustain inflammatory signalling.