Vascular endothelial growth factor
BioChemEntityThe primary angiogenic growth factor in skin, produced by keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and dermal papilla cells and stored in platelet alpha granules.
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11 entities found starting with V Clear filters
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Vermilion border
AnatomicalStructureThe red-coloured portion of lips, uniquely vulnerable due to thin barrier, absent sebum production, and minimal melanin.
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Vitamin A
ChemicalSubstanceFat‑soluble vitamin whose active form (ATRA) regulates thousands of genes via nuclear receptors to drive epidermal renewal, boost collagen, suppress MMPs, and balance sebum.
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Vitamin B12
ChemicalSubstanceWater‑soluble vitamin whose cofactor roles in methylation and fatty‑acid metabolism make deficiency visible as acral hyperpigmentation, hair changes, and barrier fragility.
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Vitamin B3
ChemicalSubstanceWater-soluble B vitamin whose cosmeceutically active derivative - niacinamide (nicotinamide) - is the primary form relevant to skin biology
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Vitamin C
MolecularEntityWater‑soluble vitamin that stabilises collagen by supporting hydroxylation enzymes and suppresses UV‑driven ROS that trigger MMP‑1 collagen breakdown.
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Vitamin D
ChemicalSubstanceFat‑soluble secosteroid whose active form (calcitriol) is made in the epidermis and, via VDR, regulates keratinocyte differentiation, antimicrobial peptides, barrier function, and innate immunity.
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Vitamin E
ChemicalSubstanceFat‑soluble antioxidant concentrated at the skin surface, where it blocks UV‑driven lipid peroxidation and squalene oxidation; regenerated by vitamin C, making them a coupled antioxidant system.
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Vitamin K
ChemicalSubstanceFat‑soluble vitamin whose K1 and K2 forms share a GGCX‑dependent mechanism. K1 supports coagulation for wound repair, while K2 prevents elastin calcification and dermal stiffening.
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Vitreoscilla filiformis
BioChemEntityA TLR2‑activating bacterial lysate that boosts epidermal AMP and antioxidant genes and improves barrier function and S. aureus colonisation in atopic dermatitis.
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Vomiting
MedicalSignOrSymptomGI side effect of tirzepatide showing dramatic variation by injection site, with thigh injection reducing incidence by more than half.