Ileal brake
BiologicalProcessThe ileal brake is a physiological feedback mechanism by which unabsorbed nutrients in the small intestine triggers the release of satiety hormones that suppress appetite.
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14 entities found starting with I Clear filters
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Inflammageing
BiologicalProcessChronic low-grade sterile inflammation accumulating with age through senescence, cGAS-STING, and NF-κB amplification — impairing tissue repair and driving structural skin ageing.
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Injectable Platelet-Rich Fibrin
MedicalTherapyLow-spin blood preparation preserving platelets, leucocytes, and stem cells within a fibrin matrix that sustains growth factor release over 7-14 days.
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Insulin
ProteinA β‑cell–derived anabolic hormone that regulates glucose uptake, lipid storage, and tissue growth, with chronic hyperinsulinaemia producing metabolic effects before overt hyperglycaemia.
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Insulin resistance
MedicalConditionA state of reduced insulin responsiveness driven by DAG–PKC signalling and impaired fuel switching, linking metabolic overload to systemic glucose dysregulation.
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Insulin signalling
BiologicalProcessThe PI3K–AKT signalling pathway triggered by insulin receptor activation that drives glucose uptake, suppresses hepatic glucose output, and restrains adipose lipolysis.
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Insulin-like growth factor 1
ProteinA growth factor produced primarily by dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, with roles spanning fibroblast proliferation, keratinocyte migration, collagen stabilisation, and angiogenesis.
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Integumentary system
AnatomicalSystemThe body's outermost organ system, comprising the skin and its appendages: hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
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Interleukin-13
ProteinInflammatory cytokine that suppresses production of barrier proteins including filaggrin and claudin-1.
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Interleukin-33
ProteinIL‑33 is an epithelial‑derived “alarmin” cytokine released from stressed or damaged barrier tissues, including keratinocytes in the skin.
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Interleukin-4
ProteinInflammatory cytokine that suppresses barrier protein production, perpetuating barrier dysfunction during inflammatory skin conditions.
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Interleukin-6
ProteinA pleiotropic cytokine with context-dependent pro- and anti-inflammatory effects determined by which receptor complex mediates signalling.
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Inulin
ChemicalSubstanceA fructooligosaccharide prebiotic fermented by S. epidermidis to support SCFA‑driven acidification, AMP tone, and barrier integrity while forming a hygroscopic film that reduces TEWL.
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Irritant lip plumping agents
ChemicalSubstanceTopical actives that trigger TRP‑channel‑mediated neurogenic inflammation to produce transient lip swelling; effects are short‑lived and increase barrier disruption with repeated use.