Caloric restriction
BiologicalProcessA sustained energy deficit in which caloric intake falls below the body's metabolic requirements. The body responds through conserved survival mechanisms.
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The Science Library
27 entities found starting with C Clear filters
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Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1
ProteinThe mitochondrial outer‑membrane enzyme that controls fatty‑acid entry via carnitine transport and is inhibited by malonyl‑CoA to regulate fat oxidation.
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Catagen
BiologicalProcessThe transition phase of the hair cycle, lasting two to three weeks, during which the follicle's inferior segment undergoes controlled apoptotic regression.
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Catecholamine
ChemicalSubstanceCatecholamines are a class of monoamine compounds — principally adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.
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Cellular senescence
BiologicalProcessProtective when transient and clearable; damaging when accumulated. UV drives both stress-induced senescence in fibroblasts and impairs the immune surveillance that clears senescent cells.
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Ceramide AP
MolecularEntityCeramide subtype providing structural support within the skin barrier's lipid matrix, contributing to overall barrier integrity.
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Ceramide EOP
MolecularEntityCeramide subtype that helps anchor the barrier's crucial long periodicity phase structure alongside Ceramide EOS.
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Ceramide EOS
MolecularEntityCritical ceramide subtype comprising about 10% of total ceramides, essential for forming the barrier's most important structural element.
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Ceramide NP
ChemicalSubstanceMost abundant ceramide subtype in skin, primarily responsible for the barrier's hydration-retention function.
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Ceramides
ChemicalSubstanceFamily of lipids comprising 50% of your skin barrier, essential for retaining moisture and defending against environmental damage.
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Chapped lips
MedicalConditionChapped lips — dryness, flaking, and fissuring of the vermilion — are the most common lip complaint and reflect the structural vulnerability of lip tissue.
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Cholesterol
MolecularEntityBarrier lipid comprising ~25% of the stratum corneum matrix. Essential for forming both lamellar phases and regulating desquamation through its sulfate cycle.
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Circadian rhythm
BiologicalProcessThe endogenous 24-hour biological programme that coordinates physiological timing across virtually every organ, tissue, and cell type.
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Circulatory system
AnatomicalSystemThe body's blood and lymph transport network, comprising the heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymphatic vessels.
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Claudin-1
ProteinClaudin‑1 is a tight‑junction protein in the upper epidermis that forms the paracellular seal between keratinocytes, creating a second barrier layer whose loss causes water and solute leakage.
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Coenzyme A
ChemicalSubstanceCoenzyme A is the acyl‑carrier cofactor required for lipid and energy metabolism, including ceramide, fatty‑acid, sterol, and sebum synthesis, linking vitamin B5 to barrier and sebaceous function.
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Coenzyme Q10
ChemicalSubstanceCoQ10 is the skin’s primary lipid‑soluble antioxidant and a key mitochondrial cofactor; its levels fall with age and UV exposure but can be replenished topically.
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Cold Atmospheric Plasma therapy
MedicalTherapyNon-ablative treatment generating reactive species at safe temperatures to reduce inflammation, address bacteria, and stimulate regeneration.
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Collagen
ProteinThe dermis's primary structural protein. Collagen I and III provide tensile strength and elasticity, declining with age and hormonal changes.
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Copper Peptide GHK-Cu
ChemicalSubstanceAn endogenous human tripeptide that acts as a carrier for copper ions and a genomic regulator of tissue repair and matrix remodelling.
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Corneocyte
AnatomicalStructureFlattened, protein-rich cells forming the 'bricks' of the skin barrier, embedded in a lipid matrix that acts as 'mortar'.
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Cornified Envelope
AnatomicalStructureThe insoluble, covalently crosslinked protein shell that forms the structural core of the corneocyte, assembled in four sequential stages from involucrin, envoplakin, periplakin, loricrin, and SPRRs.
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Corticosterone
MolecularEntityA secondary glucocorticoid in humans, produced by the adrenal cortex and elevated during rapid metabolic change, contributing to hair follicle stress and potential shedding.
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Cortisol
MolecularEntityStress hormone that breaks down collagen, inhibits barrier lipid production, and measurably delays skin recovery when chronically elevated.
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Cryolipolysis
MedicalTherapyCryolipolysis cools fat to trigger adipocyte death and slow clearance, reducing local fat thickness without surgery while preserving skin, vessels, and nerves.
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Cutibacterium acnes
BioChemEntityThe dominant commensal on sebaceous skin — active manufacturer of barrier lipids via PPARα signalling, principal acidifier of the sebaceous skin surface, and endogenous antioxidant provider.
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Cysteine
ChemicalSubstanceA sulphur-containing amino acid that provides the cross-linking chemistry holding keratin structures together in skin, hair, and nails.